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What is AP English Language and Composition? Why study it?

AP English Language and Composition is designed for high school students ready for a college-level challenge. Throughout the course, you’ll read nonfiction texts through the eyes of a writer, exploring the choices writers and speakers make to persuade their audience, By analyzing how writing is composed, you’ll be able to construct your own persuasive pieces. The ability to write well is a skill that you’ll be able to carry on for the rest of your life, no matter what career you decide to pursue.

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AP English Language and Composition Syllabus: Topics + Overview

Explore the comprehensive curriculum of AP English Language and Composition, cultivating the reading and writing skills that students need for college success and for intellectually responsible civic engagement. This syllabus overview is designed to provide clarity on the major topics covered in the course, ensuring students have a deeper understanding of how written language functions rhetorically; to communicate writers’ intentions and elicit readers’ responses in particular situations.

Topic

Content

Unit 1

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll learn to identify and analyze the claims in a text and determine how a writer backs up their assertions with reasoning and evidence.

Prior Knowledge Required: Familiar with basic reading comprehension and identifying main ideas and supporting details in a text. Prior knowledge of distinguishing between fact and opinion is helpful.

Unit 2

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll learn about how writers organize information and evidence to support a specific argument and appeal to a particular audience.

Prior Knowledge Required: Understand how to identify the structure of an argument and recognize the purpose of different sections within a text. Prior experience with organizing their own writing logically will be beneficial.

Unit 3

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll explore the range of perspectives around a topic and how various arguments can relate and respond to one another.

Prior Knowledge Required: Comfortable analyzing multiple viewpoints on a topic and understanding how arguments can relate to one another. Prior knowledge of comparing and contrasting different perspectives is essential.

Unit 4

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll examine how a writer makes choices about methods of developing arguments, introductions, and conclusions.

Prior Knowledge Required: Solid grasp of how to craft introductions and conclusions in writing, as well as familiarity with different methods of argument development. Prior experience with writing essays or structured arguments will be useful.

Unit 5

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll focus on the very specific and minute choices a writer makes to bring all the parts of an argument together.

Prior Knowledge Required: A detailed understanding of how to construct a coherent argument, paying attention to transitions and the flow of ideas. Prior knowledge of revision and editing techniques will be important.

Unit 6

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll work to understand the difference between position and perspective, how to consider bias, and how to integrate and address multiple perspectives in an argument.

Prior Knowledge Required: Understand the difference between personal opinions and objective perspectives, and how to identify bias in writing. Prior experience with integrating multiple viewpoints into their writing will be crucial.

Unit 7

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll consider the breadth and complexity of arguments around a topic and what makes each successful or unsuccessful.

Prior Knowledge Required: Able to evaluate the effectiveness of different arguments and understand what makes an argument persuasive or not. Prior knowledge of rhetorical strategies and logical fallacies is recommended.

Unit 8

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll explore the stylistic choices a writer can make and how those choices affect the argument.

Prior Knowledge Required: Familiar with various stylistic elements in writing, such as tone, diction, and syntax, and understand how these choices impact the effectiveness of an argument. Prior experience with creative or analytical writing will be beneficial.

Unit 9

Recommended Learning 
15 Class Periods

Content Description: You’ll consider a wide range of perspective as you develop a complex argument.

Prior Knowledge Required: Ability to synthesize multiple perspectives into a well-developed, nuanced argument. Prior knowledge of advanced writing techniques and critical thinking skills will be important.

Download full sub-topic list for the IB DP Math AI SL and HL

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AP Calc AB Exams and Past Papers: Overview

Section 1 of 2

1 exam - 2 sections

45% of the final exam grade

Time Alloted:
1 hour (60 minutes)

Format:
This section consists of 45 multiple choice questions, divided into two parts. In Part A there will be 23-25 reading questions where students will be asked to read and analyze nonfiction texts. In Part B there will be 20-22 writing questions where students are asked to read like a writer and consider revisions to the text.

Content:
Excerpts from nonfiction texts are accompanied by several multiple choice questions.

Example Question

Which of the following best represents the author’s intended audience? (A) Individuals who are fairly well acquainted with Carlyle’s writing (B) Readers who are having trouble understanding Carlyle’s prose (C) Writers who hope to produce books that are like Carlyle’s (D) Instructors looking for diferent ways to teach Carlyle (E) Scholars seeking information about Carlyle’s personal life

Section 2 of 2

1 exam - 2 sections

50% of the final exam grade

Time Alloted:
2 hour and 15 minutes (105 minutes)

Format:
This section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers.

Content:
This section tests your skill in composition in three areas:
Synthesis: After reading 6 texts about a topic (including visual and quantitative sources), you will compose an argument that combines and cites at least 3 of the sources to support your thesis.
Rhetorical analysis: You will read a nonfiction text and analyze how the writer’s language choices contribute to the intended meaning and purpose of the text
Argument: You will create an evidence-based argument that responds to a given topic.

Example Question

“Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Wortham’s claim about the value of documenting one’s life with selfies is valid.” In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position. • Provide evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Download all the free past papers

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AP English Language and Composition Exam Topic Weights

The AP English Language and Composition exam heavily weights Rhetorical Analysis, Argumentative Writing, and Synthesis of Information, with each skill comprising significant portions of both the multiple-choice and free-response sections. Here is the breakdown of the topic weights for the exam:

Topic

Exam Weights

Question Areas

Unit 1,4,7

42-49%

  • Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text
  • Examining how evidence supports a claim
  • Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument
  • Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning
  • Developing introductions and conclusions
  • Developing parts of a text with comparison–contrast and definition–description methods
  • Examining complexities in issues
  • Considering how words, phrases, and clauses can modify and limit an argument
  • Examining how counterargument or alternative perspectives affect an argument
  • Exploring how sentence development affects an argument

Unit 2, 5, 8

36-45%

  • Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument
  • Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence
  • Developing thesis statements
  • Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning
  • Developing commentary throughout paragraphs
  • Maintaining ideas throughout an argument
  • Using modifiers to qualify an argument and convey perspective
  • Using transitions
  • Choosing comparisons based on an audience
    Considering how sentence development and word choice affect how the writer is perceived by an audience
  • Considering how all choices made in an argument affect the audience
  • Considering how style affects an argument

Unit 3, 6, 9

15-18%

  • Identifying and describing different claims or lines of reasoning
  • Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning
    Introducing and integrating sources and evidence
  • Using sufficient evidence for an argument
  • Attributing and citing references
  • Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods
  • Incorporating multiple perspectives strategically into an argument
  • Recognizing and accounting for bias
  • Adjusting an argument to address new evidence
  • Analyzing tone and shifts in tone
  • Strategically conceding, rebutting, or refuting information
  • Crafting an argument through stylistic choices like word choice and description

Unit 1,4,7

Topic

Exam Weights

42-49%

Question Areas

  • Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text
  • Examining how evidence supports a claim
  • Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument
  • Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning
  • Developing introductions and conclusions
  • Developing parts of a text with comparison–contrast and definition–description methods
  • Examining complexities in issues
  • Considering how words, phrases, and clauses can modify and limit an argument
  • Examining how counterargument or alternative perspectives affect an argument
  • Exploring how sentence development affects an argument

Unit 2, 5, 8

Topic

Exam Weights

36-45%

Question Areas

  • Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument
  • Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence
  • Developing thesis statements
  • Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning
  • Developing commentary throughout paragraphs
  • Maintaining ideas throughout an argument
  • Using modifiers to qualify an argument and convey perspective
  • Using transitions
  • Choosing comparisons based on an audience
    Considering how sentence development and word choice affect how the writer is perceived by an audience
  • Considering how all choices made in an argument affect the audience
  • Considering how style affects an argument

Unit 3, 6, 9

Topic

Exam Weights

15-18%

Question Areas

  • Identifying and describing different claims or lines of reasoning
  • Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning
    Introducing and integrating sources and evidence
  • Using sufficient evidence for an argument
  • Attributing and citing references
  • Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods
  • Incorporating multiple perspectives strategically into an argument
  • Recognizing and accounting for bias
  • Adjusting an argument to address new evidence
  • Analyzing tone and shifts in tone
  • Strategically conceding, rebutting, or refuting information
  • Crafting an argument through stylistic choices like word choice and description

Understand The AP Scoring System

The AP scores are primarily used to determine a student s readiness to receive college credit or placement in advanced courses, rather than directly reflecting traditional school grades. The criteria for achieving these scores typically involve performance on both multiple choice questions and free response items, assessing a combination of knowledge, application, and analytical skills.

AP Score

Description

Grade Equivalent

IB Equivalent

GPA Equivalent

Criteria

5/5

Extremely well qualified

A,A+

7/7

4.0

Shows thorough knowledge and understanding

4/5

Well qualified

A- to B

6/7

3.7

3/5

Qualified

B- to C

5/7

3.0

2/5

Possibly qualified

C to D

4/7

2.0

1/5

No credit

F

3 or below

1.0

AP Score

5/5

Description

Extremely well qualified

Grade Equivalent

A,A+

IB Equivalent

7/7

GPA Equivalent

4.0

Criteria

Shows thorough knowledge and understanding

AP Score

4/5

Description

Well qualified

Grade Equivalent

A- to B

IB Equivalent

6/7

GPA Equivalent

3.7

Criteria

AP Score

3/5

Description

Qualified

Grade Equivalent

B- to C

IB Equivalent

5/7

GPA Equivalent

3.0

Criteria

AP Score

2/5

Description

Possibly qualified

Grade Equivalent

C to D

IB Equivalent

4/7

GPA Equivalent

2.0

Criteria

AP Score

1/5

Description

No credit

Grade Equivalent

F

IB Equivalent

3 or below

GPA Equivalent

1.0

Criteria

Is AP English Language and Composition Difficult?

AP English Language and Composition can be challenging, but it largely depends on your strengths as a reader and writer. The course requires strong analytical skills, as you’ll need to dissect complex texts and understand the nuances of rhetorical strategies. Additionally, the writing component demands clarity, precision, and the ability to construct well-supported arguments. If you enjoy reading and analyzing different types of writing, and if you’re comfortable crafting essays under time constraints, you’ll likely find the course manageable. However, if these skills aren’t your strong suit, it may feel more difficult, but with practice and dedication, it’s entirely possible to succeed.

AP English Language

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Ascend Now Examiner Tips

Focus on Rhetorical Analysis

“Understanding how authors use rhetorical strategies is key. Practice identifying and analyzing these strategies in various texts to strengthen your responses.”

Urska

AP Tutor

7+ years experience teaching English

Develop a Strong Thesis

“A clear, concise thesis is crucial in your essays. Make sure it directly addresses the prompt and sets up your argument effectively.”

Magda

AP Tutor

8+ years experience teaching English
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